To assess the potential and capability of different MPI scanner designs and architectures, defined reference phantoms for imaging studies are required. For the preparation of well-defined structures as well as realistic vessel structures, 3D printed molds were filled with magnetic nanoparticles embedded into a long term stable polymeric matrix or perfused with a flowing ferrofluid. Different types and layouts of 3D printed phantoms will be presented which were imaged by means of MPI successfully.