Advances in nanoscience and technology have enabled nanoscale structuring of solid targets, dramatically improving laser energy deposition into matter. The interaction of relativistically intense, ultrafast laser pulses with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures can volumetrically heat matter to ultra-high-energy-density…
Introduction: The mechanical nature of nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches makes them sluggish yet desirable for ultra-low-power, harsh environment applications. Two- and three-terminal NEM switches have been demonstrated using onedimensional, two-dimensional, and thin films, but sub-0.3 V operation…
Assessing the void fraction in diverse multiphase flows across industries, including petrochemical, oil, and chemical sectors, is crucial. There are multiple techniques available for this objective. The capacitive sensor has gained significant popularity among these methods and has been extensively utilized.…
Non-destructive and reliable radiation-based gauges have been routinely used in industry to determine the thickness of metal layers. When the material’s composition is understood in advance, only then can the standard radiation thickness meter be relied upon. Errors in thickness measurements are to be…
Two-phase fluids are widely utilized in some industries, such as petrochemical, oil, water, and so on. Each phase, liquid and gas, needs to be measured. The measuring of the void fraction is vital in many industries because there are many two-phase fluids with a wide variety of liquids. A number of methods…
Accurately determining phase fractions in two-phase flows is among the most significant issues in Industries related to the production and processing of petroleum and petrochemicals. There are numerous sensor types and configurations for measuring the void fraction. In this respect, the capacitance-based…
The scaling of oil pipelines over time leads to issues including diminished flow rates, wasted energy, and decreased efficiency. To take appropriate action promptly and avoid the aforementioned issues, it is crucial to determine the precise value of the scale within the pipe. Non-invasive gamma attenuation…
Over time, the accumulation of scale within the transmission pipeline results in a decrease in the internal diameter of the pipe, leading to a decline in efficiency and energy waste. The employment of a gamma ray attenuation system that is non-invasive has been found to be a highly precise diagnostic…
Measuring the void fraction of different multiphase flows in various fields such as gas, oil, chemical, and petrochemical industries is very important. Various methods exist for this purpose. Among these methods, the capacitive sensor has been widely used. The thing that affects the performance of capacitance…
Measuring the volume fraction of each phase in multi-phase flows is an essential problem in petrochemical industries. One of the standard flow regimes is stratified two-phase flow, which occurs when two immiscible fluids are present in a pipeline. In this paper, we performed several experiments on vertical…
Notwithstanding the impact that the Coronavirus pandemic has had on the physical and psychological wellness of people, it has also caused a change in the psychological conditions of many employees, particularly among organizations and privately owned businesses, which confronted numerous limitations…
When scale builds up in a transmission pipeline, it narrows the pipe’s interior and causes losses in both power and efficiency. A noninvasive instrument based on gamma-ray attenuation is one of the most reliable diagnostic procedures for determining volumetric percentages in a variety of circumstances.…
What is presented in this research is an intelligent system for detecting the volume percentage of three-phase fluids passing through oil pipes. The structure of the detection system consists of an X-ray tube, a Pyrex galss pipe, and two sodium iodide detectors. A three-phase fluid of water, gas, and…
One of the most severe problems in power plants, petroleum and petrochemical industries is the accurate determination of phase fractions in two-phase flows. In this paper, we carried out experimental investigations to validate the simulations for water–air, two-phase flow in an annular pattern. To this…
There are many petrochemical industries that need adequate knowledge of multiphase flow phenomena inside pipes. In such industries, measuring the void fraction is considered to be a very challenging task. Thus, various techniques have been used for void fraction measurements. For determining more accurate…
A supplemental pozzolanic material such as fly ash may result in a reduction in the concrete’s adverse environmental effect by reducing the discharge of carbon dioxide throughout the cement production procedure. This pozzolanic material also enhances the mechanical characteristics as well as the durability…
Loss of energy, decrement of efficiency, and decrement of the effective diameter of the oil pipe are among the consequences of scale inside oil condensate transfer pipes. To prevent these incidents and their consequences and take timely action, it is important to detect the amount of scale. One of the…
As time passes, scale builds up inside the pipelines that deliver the oil or gas product from the source to processing plants or storage tanks, reducing the inside diameter and ultimately wasting energy and reducing efficiency. A non-invasive system based on gamma-ray attenuation is one of the most accurate…
As the oil and petrochemical products pass through the oil pipeline, the sediment scale settles, which can cause many problems in the oil fields. Timely detection of the scale inside the pipes and taking action to solve it prevents problems such as a decrease in the efficiency of oil equipment, the wastage…
Given that one of the most critical operations in the oil and gas industry is to instantly determine the volume and type of product passing through the pipelines, in this research, a detection system for monitoring oil pipelines is proposed. The proposed system works in such a way that the radiation…