The dynamic spectrum sharing technology is increasingly being used to enable parallel operation of 4G and 5G in one frequency band. 5G code-selective measurements provide a new method to assess the maximal exposure to 5G and offer an alternative to the frequency-selective method used so far. We have…
Specific human RF exposure is either hardly or even impossibly assessed by conventional field probe measurement. Limited location access, limited availability of suitable measurement equipment and challenging accuracy requirements necessitate new evaluation methods. We propose a hybrid exposure assessment…
The assessment of maximal RF exposure to 5G massive-MIMO antennas in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios may lead to significant misestimations because of incorrect gain correction factors, which are used to extrapolate the measured exposure to the maximal possible state. Preliminary work provided theoretical…
This paper addresses misestimations of RF exposure found in measurements at 5G massive MIMO base stations under non-line-of-sight conditions. One possible cause is incorrectly determined gain correction factors, which are used for extrapolating the measured SSB exposure to the maximal possible exposure.…
For determining maximum exposure to 5G massive MIMO base stations, measurement and extrapolation methods already exist. However, misestimations of the maximum exposure were found for measurement points without line-of-sight (NLOS) to the base station. Based on preliminary considerations in part 1 of…
Constantly increasing demands on mobile communications require continuous development of the network and technologies. Therefore, many institutions are already working on the next mobile network generation 6G, which is expected to work on the same frequency as 5G New Radio (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz and 25.25…
The gradual shutdown of the 3G mobile radio network in Germany releases spectral resources in the 2100 MHz band which can be used for successor technologies such as 4G and 5G. Since mid of 2020, dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) has been increasingly used to enable parallel operation of 4G and 5G in one…
In the era of automated and connected driving, more and more cars will be equipped with wireless transmission technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and V2X. The electromagnetic environment of cars and the corresponding exposure of the general public to wireless emission will be significantly influenced…
In the era of automated and connected driving, more and more cars will be equipped with wireless transmission technologies such as mobile communications 4G (LTE) and 5G, WiFi, Bluetooth, and V2X. For the technical implementation of V2X-communications, different standards like cellular-V2X from the cooperation…