Purpose The market for recreational diving certificates is characterized by a small number of global providers and standardized products. Understanding how market structure influences firm behavior and market outcomes is essential for evaluating competitiveness and potential policy interventions. This…
Objective Severe Pi*ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, caused by the Glu342Lys mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, resulting in protein misfolding and polymerization in hepatocytes, and proteotoxic stress which may lead to progressive liver injury. Although liver disease can appear in both childhood…