Chromosomes of Asian Cyprinid Fishes: Genomic Differences in Conserved Karyotypes of ‘Poropuntiinae’ (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)

ORCID
0009-0007-4019-5489
Affiliation
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;(S.K.);
Khensuwan, Sudarat;
ORCID
0000-0001-5699-5789
Affiliation
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;(F.d.M.C.S.);(R.L.R.M.);(M.B.C.)
Sassi, Francisco de M. C.;
ORCID
0000-0003-0969-8014
Affiliation
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;(F.d.M.C.S.);(R.L.R.M.);(M.B.C.)
Moraes, Renata L. R.;
Affiliation
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand;
Jantarat, Sitthisak;
Affiliation
School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Tumbol Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
Seetapan, Kriengkrai;
ORCID
0000-0003-1228-9844
Affiliation
Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Muang, Surin 32000, Thailand;
Phintong, Krit;
Affiliation
Division of Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand;
Thongnetr, Weera;
Affiliation
Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand;(S.K.);(S.J.)
Kaewsri, Sarawut;
Affiliation
Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand;(S.K.);(S.J.)
Jumrusthanasan, Sarun;
Affiliation
Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand;
Supiwong, Weerayuth;
Affiliation
Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
Rab, Petr;
Affiliation
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;(S.K.);
Tanomtong, Alongklod;
GND
115661239
ORCID
0000-0003-1672-3054
Affiliation
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
Liehr, Thomas;
ORCID
0000-0003-4340-1464
Affiliation
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;(F.d.M.C.S.);(R.L.R.M.);(M.B.C.)
Cioffi, Marcelo B.

Simple Summary All Poropuntiinae fish species are diploid and have 50 chromosomes in their cells; however, their karyotypes differ (the organization of chromosomes according to size and shape). The goal of this study is to compare the genomic differences between their conserved karyotypes using conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods. We found distinct patterns in the distribution of ribosomal DNA and microsatellites, indicating that, while their karyotypes are conserved, these fishes have species-specific patterns. Our comparative genomic hybridization experiment reveals that any of their repetitive DNA content matches, highlighting the differences between such species. This study adds to our understanding of chromosome evolution in Cyprinidae fishes, which include diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species. Abstract The representatives of cyprinid lineage ‘Poropuntiinae’ with 16 recognized genera and around 100 species form a significant part of Southeast Asian ichthyofauna. Cytogenetics are valuable when studying fish evolution, especially the dynamics of repetitive DNAs, such as ribosomal DNAs (5S and 18S) and microsatellites, that can vary between species. Here, karyotypes of seven ‘poropuntiin’ species, namely Cosmochilus harmandi , Cyclocheilichthys apogon , Hypsibarbus malcomi , H. wetmorei , Mystacoleucus chilopterus , M. ectypus , and Puntioplties proctozysron occurring in Thailand were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Variable numbers of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes indicated widespread chromosome rearrangements with a stable diploid chromosome number (2n) of 50. Examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization using major and minor ribosomal probes showed that Cosmochilus harmandi , Cyclocheilichthys apogon , and Puntioplites proctozystron all had one chromosomal pair with 5S rDNA sites. However, more than two sites were found in Hypsibarbus malcolmi , H. wetmorei , Mystacoleucus chilopterus , and M. ectypus . The number of chromosomes with 18S rDNA sites varied amongst their karyotypes from one to three; additionally, comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite patterns varied among species. Our results reinforce the trend of chromosomal evolution in cyprinifom fishes, with major chromosomal rearrangements, while conserving their 2n.

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