@Article{dbt_mods_00055816,
  author = 	{Schricker, Klaus
		and Schmidt, Leander
		and Friedmann, Hannes
		and Bergmann, Jean Pierre},
  title = 	{Gap and force adjustment during laser beam welding by means of a closed-loop control utilizing fixture-integrated sensors and actuators},
  journal = 	{Applied Sciences: open access journal},
  year = 	{2023},
  month = 	{Feb},
  day = 	{20},
  publisher = 	{MDPI},
  address = 	{Basel},
  volume = 	{13},
  number = 	{4},
  keywords = 	{laser beam welding; closed-loop control; gap; distortion; sensor integration; actuator integration; adaptive fixture; clamping device; position control; force control},
  abstract = 	{The development of adaptive and intelligent clamping devices allows for the reduction of rejects and defects based on weld discontinuities in laser-beam welding. The utilization of fixture-integrated sensors and actuators is a new approach, realizing adaptive clamping devices that enable in-process data acquisition and a time-dependent adjustment of process conditions and workpiece position by means of a closed-loop control. The present work focused on sensor and actuator integration for an adaptive clamping device utilized for laser-beam welding in a butt-joint configuration, in which the position and acting forces of the sheets to be welded can be adjusted during the process (studied welding speeds: 1 m/min, 5 m/min). Therefore, a novel clamping system was designed allowing for the integration of inductive probes and force cells for obtaining time-dependent data of the joint gap and resulting forces during welding due to the displacement of the sheets. A novel automation engineering concept allowed the communication between different sensors, actuators and the laser-beam welding setup based on an EtherCAT bus. The subsequent development of a position control and a force control and their combination was operated with a real time PC as master in the bus system and proved the feasibility of the approach based on proportional controllers. Finally, the scalability regarding higher welding speeds was demonstrated.},
  issn = 	{2076-3417},
  doi = 	{10.3390/app13042744},
  url = 	{https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00055816},
  url = 	{http://uri.gbv.de/document/gvk:ppn:1839087765},
  url = 	{http://uri.gbv.de/document/gvk:ppn:737287640},
  url = 	{https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042744},
  file = 	{:https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00059022/applsci-13-02744-v2.pdf:PDF},
  language = 	{en}
}