Metallic Nanoparticles for the Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment; A New Horizon

ORCID
0000-0002-1877-3103
Affiliation
Department of Pharmacology ,School of Medicine ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Shariatzadeh, Siavash;
ORCID
0000-0003-0420-4548
Affiliation
Department of Anatomy ,School of Medicine ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Moghimi, Negin;
ORCID
0000-0002-9173-9083
Affiliation
Department of Pharmacology ,School of Medicine ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Khalafi, Farima;
Affiliation
Department of Pharmacology ,School of Medicine ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Shafiee, Sepehr;
ORCID
0000-0002-7539-6981
Affiliation
Department of Medical Nanotechnology ,School of Medicine ,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences ,Shahroud ,Iran
Mehrabi, Mohsen;
ORCID
0000-0003-1233-1141
Affiliation
Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences ,School of Medicine ,Shahid Beheshti University ,Tehran ,Iran
Ilkhani, Saba;
ORCID
0000-0002-6871-526X
Affiliation
Semnan University of Medical Sciences Dental Student Research Committee ,Semnan ,Iran
Tosan, Foad;
ORCID
0000-0002-2542-6361
Affiliation
School of Medicine ,Tehran University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Nakhaei, Pooria;
GND
1075001811
ORCID
0000-0002-7640-6301
Affiliation
Deputy of Research and Technology ,Ministry of Health and Medical Education ,Teheran ,Iran
Alizadeh, Ali;
GND
1259068242
ORCID
0000-0001-9731-6228
Affiliation
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials ,Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute ,Palacký University in Olomouc ,Olomouc ,Czech Republic
Varma, Rajender S.;
GND
1249707153
ORCID
0000-0001-8381-0591
Affiliation
Skull Base Research Center ,Loghmna Hakim Hospital ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran ,Iran
Taheri, Mohammad

Cancer is one of the most critical human challenges which endangers many people’s lives every year with enormous direct and indirect costs worldwide. Unfortunately, despite many advanced treatments used in cancer clinics today, the treatments are deficiently encumbered with many side effects often encountered by clinicians while deploying general methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Due to their low clinical efficacy, numerous side effects, higher economic costs, and relatively poor acceptance by patients, researchers are striving to find better alternatives for treating this life-threatening complication. As a result, Metal nanoparticles (Metal NPs) have been developed for nearly 2 decades due to their important therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles are quite close in size to biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell, so one of the goals of nanotechnology is to mount molecules and drugs on nanoparticles and transfer them to the cell. These NPs are effective as multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer treatment. They have an advantage over routine drugs in delivering anticancer drugs to a specific location. However, targeting cancer sites while performing anti-cancer treatment can be effective in improving the disease and reducing its complications. Among these, the usage of these nanoparticles (NPs) in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are notable. Herein, this review is aimed at investigating the effect and appliances of Metal NPs in the modulation tumor microenvironment which bodes well for the utilization of vast and emerging nanomaterial resources.

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Rights

License Holder: Copyright © 2022 Shariatzadeh, Moghimi, Khalafi, Shafiee, Mehrabi, Ilkhani, Tosan, Nakhaei, Alizadeh, Varma and Taheri.

Use and reproduction:
This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.