A viologen polymer and a compact ferrocene : Comparison of solution viscosities and their performance in a redox flow battery with a size exclusion membrane

GND
1272974146
ORCID
0000-0002-1065-4361
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Borchers, Philipp S.;
GND
1075654378
ORCID
0000-0002-7682-8686
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Elbert, Johannes;
GND
1275329721
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Anufriev, Ilya;
GND
1275433685
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Strumpf, Maria;
GND
133508013
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Nischang, Ivo;
GND
134002695
ORCID
0000-0002-6373-6600
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Hager, Martin D.;
GND
113792077
ORCID
0000-0003-4978-4670
Affiliation
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
Schubert, Ulrich S.

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of a compact, ferrocene tetramer and a linear viologen polymer is reported. The latter material is a new, 4,4′‐bipyridine containing, organo‐soluble polymer. As aimed for solubility in nonpolar solvents, a 2‐ethylhexyl‐moiety to promote organosolubility and 4‐vinylbenzyl serving as a polymerizable group are introduced to a 4,4′‐bipyridine. The halide anions of the monomer cation are exchanged to bis(trifluoromethansulfon)imide, which further enhances organosolubility. The monomer is subsequently copolymerized with styrene by free radical polymerization. In addition, a four‐ferrocene‐containing compact structure, based on pentaerythritol, is synthesized via the straightforward radical thiol‐ene reaction. The polymer solutions are thoroughly characterized hydrodynamically. Subsequently, propylene carbonate‐based solutions of both materials are prepared to allow an assessment for future energy storage applications. This is done by testing battery characteristics in a custom‐made flow‐cell with a simple dialysis membrane for physical separation of the active materials. The capability of energy storage is verified by leaving the charged materials in solution in an open circuit for 24 h. Here, more than 99% of the stored charges can be recovered. Cycling the battery for 100 times reveals the remarkable stability of the materials of only 0.2% capacity loss per day in the battery setup.

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